3/6/2023 0 Comments Bactrian coinage![]() ![]() Hoards of coins have been found by accident for millennia, but only the recent introduction of the metal detector makes it possible to find coins by design. Militia commanders and local people who continue to sell coins presumably believe that they are only following that tradition. Until the Communist coup in the late 1970’s, ancient coins were traded freely in Afghanistan. Wikimedia Commons.Ĭoins are not national treasures. South and Southeast Asian Art, Collection Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Purchased with funds provided by Anna Bing Arnold and Justin Dart (M.84.110.4) Such coins could not travel in international commerce without fear of unjustified detention and seizure.Ĭoin of Eucratides I, Afghanistan, Bactria, circa 171-155 B.C. ![]() Now placing the burden of proof on collectors, coin dealers, and museums to show “provenance” could, therefore, “cloud the title” to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of historical coins already in collections here and abroad. Coins that circulated in Afghanistan cannot be distinguished from those that circulated in Northern India, Pakistan, Central Asia or elsewhere. Historical coins were struck in the millions and circulated widely in antiquity as hard currency and in more recent times as collectibles. Rather, depending on how they are implemented, such restrictions could greatly hamper-and thus damage-all legitimate trade in ancient and early modern historical coins. 300–500 C.E., silver, found at Hadda Stupa 10, Afghanistan, © Trustees of the British Museum.Īfghanistan has suffered greatly from tyranny and war, but has there really been a case made that “emergency import restrictions” on antiquities must be imposed, and if so, will any such prescription make the situation better or worse in Afghanistan, and at what cost to the American numismatic community? By their very nature, the import restrictions contemplated will not just impact trade between the US and Afghanistan. Note in Phase III a new type has been published since this article was written (it is noted in the live catalogue but not in the paper).Dinar of the Alchon Huns, c. The paper here is not paginated as it is a pdf of the original paper rather than an offprint. The application of graph theory to die studies is still very basic (using only the simplest graph theory concepts) and requires much more detailed working through. ![]() At the time this was the only three work-station arrangement that had been published predating Carroccio's publication on 'Parallel Striking Reconstruction.' in 2011 and at the time I had not seen the year 3 Herod types studied by Ariel and Fontanille and for which I published a clearer description of the analysis in 2012. ![]() This is also the article in which I introduce the concepts of non-planar graphs for establishing the existence of more than two work stations. It also shows how with the exception of the first gold issue the images of the Kushan god Wesho derive from the copper coinage. Wima was the first Kushan Emperor to issue gold and the study shows that this began as one-off productions in the same tradition as earlier NW India, Central Asian gold issues and only became a regular production at the end of his reign. The article re-orders the coins and lays out the mint structure based on the die study. "This includes a die corpus of the coins of Wima Kadphises (a 'live' version is available at the link) as well as a discussion of the order of the die corpus. ![]()
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